We used as the control signal the burst suppression probability (BSP), the brain's instantaneous probability of being in the suppressed state. The BMI controlled an EEG-guided closed-loop infusion of the anesthetic propofol to maintain precisely specified dynamic target levels of burst suppression. We used a stochastic control framework to develop a BMI to control medically-induced coma in a rodent model. A more rational approach would be to implement a brain-machine interface (BMI) that monitors the EEG and adjusts the anesthetic infusion rate in real time to maintain the specified target level of burst suppression. The medical coma is often required for several days. The state of coma is achieved by continually monitoring the patient's brain activity with an electroencephalogram (EEG) and manually titrating the anesthetic infusion rate to maintain a specified level of burst suppression, an EEG marker of profound brain inactivation in which bursts of electrical activity alternate with periods of quiescence or suppression. To check out the complete table of contents, click here.Medically-induced coma is a drug-induced state of profound brain inactivation and unconsciousness used to treat refractory intracranial hypertension and to manage treatment-resistant epilepsy. To buy the copy of this report, click here. The report also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis. It includes analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter’s five force model analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. It provides market projections for the coming years. This report is a complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and restraints. This report provides comprehensive analysis of Geographies analyzed under this research report include: This research report analyzes this market depending on its market segments, major geographies, and current market trends. Some of the major players in electrodes for medical devices market include 3M Corp., ZOLL Medical Corp., Prosurg Inc., C.R Bard Inc., CONMED Corp., Covidien, and other significant players around the globe. In the U.S., the medical reimbursement policies include major medical electrodes, which would also augment the growth of this market. Moreover, the treatment through this device is of minimally invasive nature and has proved to propel the growth of this market substantially. Rise in incidences of these diseases would boost the demand of electrode medical devices worldwide. The diseases treated with help of these devices include Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, sinus, body ache, and others. major government agencies such as National Eye Institute (NEI), National Science Foundation (NSF) and Department of Energy (DE) are supporting the R&D for this sector by increased government funding. Nanotechnology has supported the through miniaturization of these devices and making it portable. Rise in electrode applications through use of nanotechnology is augmenting the demand of electrode in various medical applications. Moreover, they can also be sub segmented as Fetal Scalp Electrodes, Electrosurgical Electrodes, TENS Electrodes, Pacemaker Electrodes, pH Electrodes, Nasopharyngeal Electrodes, and Ion-selective Electrodes. In addition, the electrodes can also be classified based on their applications such as ECG Electrodes, Blood Gas Electrodes, EEG/EMG/ENG Electrodes, and Defibrillator Electrodes. The electrodes used in medical devices can be segmented as reusable disc, disposable, headbands and saline based electrodes. The device works through provision of an electrical contact between apparatus used to monitor activities and patient. Medical electrodes proceed with quantification of internal ionic currents and results in diagnosis of various ocular, nervous, cardiac, and muscular disorders. Medical electrodes comprises of a lead, metal and electrode conducting paste. These currents can be amplified and have proved to be helpful in diagnosing various diseases. The electrodes used in medical devices transfer the ionic current energy into electrical current in the body.
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